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Showing posts with label red drums. Show all posts
Showing posts with label red drums. Show all posts
Wednesday, August 28, 2013
Friday, November 30, 2012
"Blue skies on Mars. That's a new one."
Curiosity has been on the red planet collecting data since August. (Image: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Malin Space Science Systems)
NASA Lowers Expectations for its ‘Earth-Shaking’ Mars Announcement But Another Planet Has News | Video | TheBlaze.com
“Rumors and speculation that there are major new findings from the mission at this early stage are incorrect,” officials at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif., which manages Curiosity’s mission, wrote in a mission update, according to Space.com. “At this point in the mission, the instruments on the rover have not detected any definitive evidence of Martian organics.”
Thursday, September 6, 2012
Suppressed Mars News: The Fart Smelled Round The World
BBC News - Nasa's Curiosity rover 'sniffs' Martian air
Lovelock predicted that if methane is found cycling through the Martian atmosphere then life exists on Mars.
Methane has been found in the Martian atmosphere.
Now wait for the acrobatics to explain how the methane is anything BUT a sign of life- in much the same way we had to suffer through the pathetic bullshit about how the last water on Mars was billions of years ago... millions of years ago... from comets... running freely on the surface from sluices in crater and swirling in underground seas.
Evidence of Revision.
Lovelock predicted that if methane is found cycling through the Martian atmosphere then life exists on Mars.
Methane has been found in the Martian atmosphere.
Now wait for the acrobatics to explain how the methane is anything BUT a sign of life- in much the same way we had to suffer through the pathetic bullshit about how the last water on Mars was billions of years ago... millions of years ago... from comets... running freely on the surface from sluices in crater and swirling in underground seas.
Evidence of Revision.
Wednesday, August 29, 2012
BBC News - Antarctic may host methane stores
BBC News - Antarctic may host methane stores
It says this methane could be released into the atmosphere as ice retreats, contributing to climate warming.
The findings indicate that ancient deposits of organic matter may have been converted to methane by microbes under the ice.
An international team reported the results in Nature journal.
Study leader Jemima Wadham, from Bristol University, said: "This is an immense amount of organic carbon, more than ten times the size of carbon stocks in northern permafrost regions.
"Our laboratory experiments tell us that these sub-ice environments are also biologically active, meaning that this organic carbon is probably being metabolised to carbon dioxide and methane gas by microbes."
***
So where does all the methane in the Martian ice caps come from? Especially since the Martian ice caps occasionally completely disappear- which means the methane is released as temperatures rise and the methane evaporates- but methane then reappears in readings of ice caps when they reappear.
Funny how there's always the same stupid dichotomy of explanations between Earth and Mars and indeed between sensible conservative scientific explanations of methane readings and manmade climate change alarmism.
Of course it wasn't that long ago that it was claimed that Mars hadn't had surface water for billions of years, despite the fact we have pictures of it flowing and steaming there now. Very convincing.
Large volumes of methane - a potent greenhouse gas - could be locked beneath the ice-covered regions of Antarctica, according to a new study.
The findings indicate that ancient deposits of organic matter may have been converted to methane by microbes under the ice.
An international team reported the results in Nature journal.
Study leader Jemima Wadham, from Bristol University, said: "This is an immense amount of organic carbon, more than ten times the size of carbon stocks in northern permafrost regions.
"Our laboratory experiments tell us that these sub-ice environments are also biologically active, meaning that this organic carbon is probably being metabolised to carbon dioxide and methane gas by microbes."
***
So where does all the methane in the Martian ice caps come from? Especially since the Martian ice caps occasionally completely disappear- which means the methane is released as temperatures rise and the methane evaporates- but methane then reappears in readings of ice caps when they reappear.
Funny how there's always the same stupid dichotomy of explanations between Earth and Mars and indeed between sensible conservative scientific explanations of methane readings and manmade climate change alarmism.
Of course it wasn't that long ago that it was claimed that Mars hadn't had surface water for billions of years, despite the fact we have pictures of it flowing and steaming there now. Very convincing.
Sunday, August 5, 2012
Is this when the Warlords go to war against Earth? RED DRUMS: BBC News - Nasa's Curiosity rover successfully lands on Mars
The first pictures from the surface began to be fed back immediately 
BBC News - Nasa's Curiosity rover successfully lands on Mars
The US space agency has just landed a huge new robot rover on Mars.
The one-tonne vehicle, known as Curiosity, touched down at 0614 BST (0514 GMT) in a deep crater near the planet's equator after a plunging through the atmosphere.It is going to look for evidence that Mars could once have supported life.
A signal confirming the rover was on the ground safely was relayed to Earth via Nasa's Odyssey satellite, which is in orbit around the Red Planet.
The success was greeted with a roar of approval here at mission control at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
The mission has even already sent its first low-resolution images - showing the rover's wheel and its shadow, through a dust-covered lens cap that has yet to be removed.
A first colour image of Curiosity's surroundings should be returned in the next couple of days.
Engineers and scientists who have worked on this project for the best part of 10 years punched the air and hugged each other.
The descent through the atmosphere after a 570-million-km journey from Earth had been billed as the "seven minutes of terror" - the time it would take to complete a series of high-risk manoeuvres that would slow the rover from an entry speed of 20,000km/h to allow its wheels to set down softly.
After the landing, the flight director reported that Curiosity had set down at a gentle 0.6 metres per second.
"We're on Mars again, and it's absolutely incredible," said Nasa director Charles Bolden. "It doesn't get any better than this."
The mission team will now spend the next few hours assessing the health of the vehicle (also referred to as the Mars Science Laboratory, MSL).
Curiosity - Mars Science Laboratory
- Mission goal is to determine whether Mars has ever had the conditions to support life
- Project costed at $2.5bn; will see initial surface operations lasting two Earth years
- Onboard plutonium generators will deliver heat and electricity for at least 14 years
- 75kg science payload more than 10 times as massive as those of earlier US Mars rovers
- Equipped with tools to brush and drill into rocks, to scoop up, sort and sieve samples
- Variety of analytical techniques to discern chemistry in rocks, soil and atmosphere
- Will try to make first definitive identification of organic (carbon rich) compounds
- Even carries a laser to zap rocks; beam will identify atomic elements in rocks
This is the fourth rover Nasa has put on Mars, but its scale and sophistication dwarf all previous projects.
Curiosity has been sent to investigate the central mountain inside Gale Crater that is more than 5km high.
It will climb the rise, and, as it does so, study rocks that were laid down billions of years ago in the presence of liquid water.
The vehicle will be looking for evidence that past environments could have favoured microbial life.
Scientists warn, however, that this will be a slow mission - Curiosity is in no hurry.
For one thing, the rover has a plutonium battery that should give it far greater longevity than the solar-panelled power systems fitted to previous vehicles.
"People have got to realise this mission will be different," commented Steve Squyres, the lead scientist of the Opportunity and Spirit rovers landed in 2004.
"When we landed we only thought we'd get 30 sols (Martian days) on the surface, so we had to hit the ground running. Curiosity has plenty of time," he told the BBC.
Initially, the rover is funded for two years of operations. But many expect this mission to roll and roll for perhaps a decade or more.
- (A) Curiosity will trundle around its landing site looking for interesting rock features to study. Its top speed is about 4cm/s
- (B) This mission has 17 cameras. They will identify particular targets, and a laser will zap those rocks to probe their chemistry
- (C) If the signal is significant, Curiosity will swing over instruments on its arm for close-up investigation. These include a microscope
- (D) Samples drilled from rock, or scooped from the soil, can be delivered to two hi-tech analysis labs inside the rover body
- (E) The results are sent to Earth through antennas on the rover deck. Return commands tell the rover where it should drive next
Friday, April 13, 2012
Evidence of a Mars cover-up
Evidence of a Mars cover-up
Evidence of a Mars cover-up by Jamie Stensrud
In 1976, we found evidence of extraterrestrial life. Coming not in such dramatic fashion as fleets of alien spacecraft landing in front of the UN, or an information-packed burst of radio transmission, this evidence came in the understated form of a biological waste product.
Experiment Yields Positive Results
The Labeled Release Experiment (LRE), conceived of by Dr Gilbert Levin (now of Spherix Inc) and included in the 1976 Viking Lander mission, was an experiment designed to test for evidence of microbial life on the surface of Mars. Its premise was that a soil sample would be subjected to a "bath" of radioactive nutrients laced with carbon; any organisms present would eat the nutrients and produce radioactive carbon dioxide as a natural byproduct. Although the experiment met with success, recording a level of byproduct that would be considered conclusive on Earth, two other experiments on board yielded contradictory results - one supporting the conclusion of the LRE, the other not. A fourth experiment, designed to detect organic molecules in the soil, yielded negative results, and thus it became accepted opinion that the positive LRE readings were chemical rather than biological in origin, even though a "second stage" LRE experiment (in which the soil samples were baked to eradicate any organisms, then tested again, producing no byproducts as expected) produced results confirming the findings of the first. View a slideshow demonstrating the Labeled Release Experiment
Although the Labeled Release Experiment relied on accepted and proven methods of determining the presence of biological organisms, official position at the time stated that the positive results were misleading, and were the result of either superoxides or an unknown chemical on the surface of the planet. At the time, not much evidence existed to refute that statement, but in the years since, other evidence has come to light supporting the claim that there is more going on at Mars (and NASA/JPL) than we may know.
Painting a Deceiving Picture There is more than circumstantial evidence that the concept of a "red Mars" is more of a conditioned idea than one based in fact. For example, consider the two images below, both released by JPL as original images; which one is the correct image? The answer is - they both are. The one at left was taken sometime on day 30 of the Pathfinder mission, which was to have been the final day of the mission, before it was extended. The image at right was taken at the end of day 30, as noted in the caption in the original image. Note the identical shadows cast by the probe and nearby rocks; either both images were taken within moments of each other, or they are in fact the same image, one of them color-adjusted. Did the image at left "slip through the cracks"?
What could cause two otherwise identical images to vary so much in color? Dust particles present in the lower atmosphere would scatter sunlight, adjusting it to a reddish hue similar to Earth's sunsets. It is hard, however, to imagine an effect which would cause such a sudden rise in atmospheric dust while at the same time not affecting the position of nearby rocks, pebbles, and sand, as well as not affecting the performance of the camera itself. This also does not explain the appearance of the left image in the first place, which depicts a brighter, more Earth-like tone. An explanation can be found in a statement by Ron Levin, son of Dr Gilbert Levin and a physicist at MIT. Levin claims that the original images received from Viking depicted "a blue sky and rocks with greenish patches on them", and NASA officials artifically adjusted the color on subsequent images to wash out certain features. The full account can be read here, from which I quote:
Evidence of a Mars cover-up by Jamie Stensrud
In 1976, we found evidence of extraterrestrial life. Coming not in such dramatic fashion as fleets of alien spacecraft landing in front of the UN, or an information-packed burst of radio transmission, this evidence came in the understated form of a biological waste product.
Experiment Yields Positive Results
 |
| Dr Gilbert Levin |
Although the Labeled Release Experiment relied on accepted and proven methods of determining the presence of biological organisms, official position at the time stated that the positive results were misleading, and were the result of either superoxides or an unknown chemical on the surface of the planet. At the time, not much evidence existed to refute that statement, but in the years since, other evidence has come to light supporting the claim that there is more going on at Mars (and NASA/JPL) than we may know.
Painting a Deceiving Picture There is more than circumstantial evidence that the concept of a "red Mars" is more of a conditioned idea than one based in fact. For example, consider the two images below, both released by JPL as original images; which one is the correct image? The answer is - they both are. The one at left was taken sometime on day 30 of the Pathfinder mission, which was to have been the final day of the mission, before it was extended. The image at right was taken at the end of day 30, as noted in the caption in the original image. Note the identical shadows cast by the probe and nearby rocks; either both images were taken within moments of each other, or they are in fact the same image, one of them color-adjusted. Did the image at left "slip through the cracks"?
 |  |
| Source: JPL/NASA | Source: JPL/NASA |
 |
| Viking image 12b166, 6 Oct 1976, 07:48 (unfiltered original) |
Ron said that he was a 20-year old grad student and was at JPL when the first color images came in from the lander. He said those original images showed a blue sky and rocks with greenish patches on them, and that the Viking imaging team quickly adjusted the images so that the sky and the rocks all had the reddish color we're familiar with. Levin made it clear that there was no scientific justification for these "adjustments", and he speculated that the color was changed because the planetary scientists took a dim view of the greenish patches on the rocks, which suggested some primitive form of plant life might be growing right on the surface.There is also evidence that the natural color of the Martian sky is in fact blue rather then reddish. From a Space Telescope Science Institute press release dated 1 July 1997, and viewable here:
"If dust diffuses to the landing site, the sky could turn out to be pink like that seen by Viking," says Philip James of the University of Toledo. "Otherwise, Pathfinder will likely show blue sky with bright clouds."
Red Ice Creations Radio - Ted Twietmeyer - What NASA isn't Telling you about Mars
Red Ice Creations Radio - Ted Twietmeyer - What NASA isn't Telling you about Mars
Ted Twietmeyer - What NASA isn't Telling you about Mars
December 14, 2006
Ted Twietmeyer, author of "What NASA isn't Telling you …about Mars" joins us for a fascinating program. Ted is a former defense contractor who has spent over 25 years working with numerous government agencies including almost all of the NASA installations and he has analyzed over 15,000 of NASA's mars photos and he's found some amazing and startling things in these photos. The conclusion is that someone isn't telling us the full story. Have there already been manned missions to Mars and have we build bases there? Could there really be remnants of an ancient civilization on Mars? As we continue the interview we get further into some very interesting stuff about UFO's and aliens. Tune into our subscriber interview with Ted for much more.
***
This book came out after Red Drums d20 but it didn't hurt. :)
Ted Twietmeyer - What NASA isn't Telling you about Mars
December 14, 2006
Ted Twietmeyer, author of "What NASA isn't Telling you …about Mars" joins us for a fascinating program. Ted is a former defense contractor who has spent over 25 years working with numerous government agencies including almost all of the NASA installations and he has analyzed over 15,000 of NASA's mars photos and he's found some amazing and startling things in these photos. The conclusion is that someone isn't telling us the full story. Have there already been manned missions to Mars and have we build bases there? Could there really be remnants of an ancient civilization on Mars? As we continue the interview we get further into some very interesting stuff about UFO's and aliens. Tune into our subscriber interview with Ted for much more.
***
This book came out after Red Drums d20 but it didn't hurt. :)
Martian Cover Up - Photo of Martian Life Form - Water found on Mars
Martian Cover Up - Photo of Martian Life Form - Water found on Mars
The absolute best site on Martian life forms, which I used when I was researching RED DRUMS, was a personal web page called Space Cowboy. It featured short animations and analysis by professionals demonstrating how the Mars Rover had been attacked by a tentacle from a Martian "dragon" or "hydra" - a sort of octopus like monster with prodigious teeth.
Unfortunately, down the memory hole it's gone.
One thing to never forget- in twenty years, the Coverup Kings at NASA have gone from claiming that there hasn't been water on Mars for billions of years to admitting there's water there right now, and lots of it, including underground oceans. Also, NASA retouches the pictures to make them that ridiculous red colour. Professionals have reprocessed the pictures back to pre-touchup state... Which reveals blue skies on Mars.
Total Recall much?
The absolute best site on Martian life forms, which I used when I was researching RED DRUMS, was a personal web page called Space Cowboy. It featured short animations and analysis by professionals demonstrating how the Mars Rover had been attacked by a tentacle from a Martian "dragon" or "hydra" - a sort of octopus like monster with prodigious teeth.
Unfortunately, down the memory hole it's gone.
One thing to never forget- in twenty years, the Coverup Kings at NASA have gone from claiming that there hasn't been water on Mars for billions of years to admitting there's water there right now, and lots of it, including underground oceans. Also, NASA retouches the pictures to make them that ridiculous red colour. Professionals have reprocessed the pictures back to pre-touchup state... Which reveals blue skies on Mars.
Total Recall much?
NASA comes clean, sort of... Now they can stop retouching all the Mars pictures to make them that stupid-ass red colour, too...
'It's 99% certain there is life on Mars': Shock finding as scientists re-analyse soil samples from Seventies Viking lander | Mail Online
'It's 99% certain there is life on Mars': Shock finding as scientists re-analyse soil samples from Seventies Viking lander
- Soil samples from Viking 1 lander which visited Mars in 1976
- Mathematical analysis shows strong sign of organics
- Samples had been dismissed as contaminated
- '99% probability of life' claims one scientist
Friday, October 7, 2011
The Color of Mars
The Color of Mars
***
My science fiction RPG "Red Drums" was about a hollow Phobos containing apparent "tombs" of three-eyed titanic Martians who, when disturbed, proved to be merely sleeping... It also featured a Mars with a blue sky, something unheard of in science fiction since the late 1950s... For whatever reason...
***
, http://mars news.de
The Red Planet, this name has to appear in every article of the main-stream press on Mars. The same importance play the little green men in contributions of renowned daily German papers such as Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung or Sueddeutsche Zeitung published on the Mars meteorite ALH84001.
Without doubt, the planet appears red with the naked eye in the night sky, whereby our earth viewed from Mars, would appear clearly blue, due to the 70% water coverage in connection with refraction of light in the atmosphere. With a reverse relation of the water land distribution however, rather a brown-green planet would be to be seen from space.
The color of the atmosphere, caused by Rayleigh Scattering[4] at gas molecules, determines thus only in very small amount the color of a planet as seen from space and also directly on the surface!
Why then should the Mars sky, as NASA/JPL PR-department spreads it, should appear red? This coloring is justified if at all, only with the refraction of light at atmospheric dust. But such masses of dust in the atmosphere do not prevail over years on a planet, which has large water-clouds, fog and ground frost, since water would wash these away after short time.
Astronomers at the Hubble Spacetelescope and amateur-astronomers[8] are observing, since long time now, white water-clouds and blueish atmosphere.
Indeed, when the first color picture from Viking 1 was received on Earth, the Mars soil was red-brown and the sky was blue, a landscape comparable with the desert of Arizona[3] (fig. A and B).
These are original pictures[5] of the two probes, which are only slightly color corrected to match the filter response values of the camera system. However, the original data without correction, you see on the right of each image, has almost no detectable difference in color.
The Viking cameras operated according to the principle of a color scanner, whereby for different light wave lengths different sensors with separate data channels are used.
To create a colorful picture from this scanner data, a color calibration table is necessary. These tables can be seen near the mast of the parabolic antenna in Pic. A and B and show among grayscales the three basic colours (RGB) of a color monitor.
Already with the naked eye it can be detected there that the colours are correctly shown. Also in Pic.E this can be acknowledged, since the white ground frost (water ice!) supplies a natural color calibration to the white alignment.
Pic.C shows a typical (NASA-)red Mars picture in the color, taken 18 months later. How does it come to this color change, although the sharply bordered shadows and the otherwise clear colours suggest no atmosphere dust?
The solution of the mystery appears, when using an image processing program: By rising the color-values of blue and green about 50% and 25% one gets to Pic.D, which shows the well known true coloring from Pic.A and B.
With the same method[1] we can get true color picture from Mars Pathfinder (Pic. F and G). Note, the sharpness of the Pathfinder images is by far not that good as 20 years ago on Viking as during the Pathfinder mission an information-reducing picture compression algorithm (comparable to JPEG) was used.
And now the "official" true color view of the Pathfinder landing site published by NASA:
Pic. J, Source: http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/science/PDS/pds-jun99.html
Original Caption Released with Image:
The true color of Mars based upon three filters with the sky set to a luminance of 60. The color of the Pathfinder landing site is yellowish brown with only subtle variations. These colors are identical to the measured colors of the Viking landing sites reported by Huck et al. [1977]. This image was taken near local noon on Sol 10. A description of the techniques used to generate this color image from IMP data can be found in Maki et al., 1999. Note: a calibrated output device is required accurately reproduce the correct colors.
I don't know why you should calibrate your output device to view this funny bad-colored picture.
***
My science fiction RPG "Red Drums" was about a hollow Phobos containing apparent "tombs" of three-eyed titanic Martians who, when disturbed, proved to be merely sleeping... It also featured a Mars with a blue sky, something unheard of in science fiction since the late 1950s... For whatever reason...
***
The Color of Mars
author: Holger Isenberg, web@mars-news.de, http://mars news.de
| back to mainpage deutscher Text | created: March 1999 last update: 14.June 2000 |
Without doubt, the planet appears red with the naked eye in the night sky, whereby our earth viewed from Mars, would appear clearly blue, due to the 70% water coverage in connection with refraction of light in the atmosphere. With a reverse relation of the water land distribution however, rather a brown-green planet would be to be seen from space.
The color of the atmosphere, caused by Rayleigh Scattering[4] at gas molecules, determines thus only in very small amount the color of a planet as seen from space and also directly on the surface!
Why then should the Mars sky, as NASA/JPL PR-department spreads it, should appear red? This coloring is justified if at all, only with the refraction of light at atmospheric dust. But such masses of dust in the atmosphere do not prevail over years on a planet, which has large water-clouds, fog and ground frost, since water would wash these away after short time.
Astronomers at the Hubble Spacetelescope and amateur-astronomers[8] are observing, since long time now, white water-clouds and blueish atmosphere.
 Pic. A, Viking 1, Nr. 12b069, 29. August 1976, 12.65 locale Mars time This picture was created with color-correction derived from the filter response data. (click on picture to view it in original size) All Viking and Pathfinder images courtesy of JPL/NASA/Caltech. |  original data without correction |
These are original pictures[5] of the two probes, which are only slightly color corrected to match the filter response values of the camera system. However, the original data without correction, you see on the right of each image, has almost no detectable difference in color.
The Viking cameras operated according to the principle of a color scanner, whereby for different light wave lengths different sensors with separate data channels are used.
To create a colorful picture from this scanner data, a color calibration table is necessary. These tables can be seen near the mast of the parabolic antenna in Pic. A and B and show among grayscales the three basic colours (RGB) of a color monitor.
Already with the naked eye it can be detected there that the colours are correctly shown. Also in Pic.E this can be acknowledged, since the white ground frost (water ice!) supplies a natural color calibration to the white alignment.
 Pic. B, Viking 2, Nr. 22a158, 25. September 1976, 11.96 locale Mars time This picture was created with color-correction derived from the filter response data. |  original data without correction |
The solution of the mystery appears, when using an image processing program: By rising the color-values of blue and green about 50% and 25% one gets to Pic.D, which shows the well known true coloring from Pic.A and B.
 Pic. C, Viking 1, 12h016, 11 February 1978, 15.56 |  Pic. D Blue amplified by 50%, green around 25% |  Pic. E, Viking 2, 21i093, 18.May 1979, 14.24 |
 Pic. F, Pathfinder, August1997, source:[6] |  Pic. G, Blue amplified by approx. 50%, green by approx. 25% |
 Pic. H, 12e018 03.Jul 1977, 15:20 |  Pic. I, 12b166 6.Oct 1976, 7:48 | Temporary, the surface illumination is really red, caused by dust-storms, darkening the sky. The image on the left was taken shortly after or during such a storm and the diffuse light with almost no shadows is visible. In contrast to this, the image on the right, shows sharp shadows and clear blue sky, the normal condition on Mars. On the image-data of the Viking- and Pathfinder-Missions, this diffuse illumination is a very rare condition and not the normal state, as NASA seems to publish it with their dull-red pictures. |
| (click on images for unfiltered original data) | ||
Pic. J, Source: http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/science/PDS/pds-jun99.html
Original Caption Released with Image:
The true color of Mars based upon three filters with the sky set to a luminance of 60. The color of the Pathfinder landing site is yellowish brown with only subtle variations. These colors are identical to the measured colors of the Viking landing sites reported by Huck et al. [1977]. This image was taken near local noon on Sol 10. A description of the techniques used to generate this color image from IMP data can be found in Maki et al., 1999. Note: a calibrated output device is required accurately reproduce the correct colors.
I don't know why you should calibrate your output device to view this funny bad-colored picture.
Literature
- [1]
- Holger Isenberg, Blue Sky on Mars: http://mars news.de/life
- [2]
- Robert Shepherd, Synthetic High resolution Viking image: http://www.marscentral.com/Places/Landings/Viking/2/
- [3]
- Vincent DiPietro, Mars: Red sky or blue sky?: http://www.mufor.org/dipietro3.html, http://rense.com/general9/color.htm
- [4]
- Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, Why is the sky blue?: http://meto.umd.edu/~ezra/why.html other sources: Blue Sky and Red Sky explained, "What atmosphere would produce a red sky?"
- [5]
- NASA/JPL, Planetary Data System Imaging Node: http://www pdsimage.jpl.nasa.gov/PDS /
- [6]
- Peter Smith, University of Arizona, Pathfinder panorama: http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/ops/fpress img.html
- [7]
- Filter spectral responsivities on Viking Lander: http://mars-news.de/color/filter.html
- [8]
- Association of Lunar & Planetary Observers: Mars Section: http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~rhill/alpo/mars.html
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